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گزارش عملکردهای هدف‌گیری دیجیتال، تهدید و افترا علیه کردها توسط افراد و ساختارهای وابسته به PKK در دوره ژانویه-فوریه ۲۰۲۶

گزارش عملکردهای هدف‌گیری دیجیتال، تهدید و افترا علیه کردها توسط افراد و ساختارهای وابسته به PKK در دوره ژانویه-فوریه ۲۰۲۶

گزارشی مبتنی بر داده‌های منابع آزاد درباره فعالیت‌های هدف‌گیری، تهدید، افترا و بی‌اعتبارسازی انجام‌شده در بسترهای دیجیتال در دوره ژانویه-فوریه ۲۰۲۶

فوریه ۲۰۲۶European Kurdish Rights Watch (EKRW)

I. مقدمه و دامنه

این گزارش مبتنی بر داده‌های منابع آزاد درباره فعالیت‌های هدف‌گیری، تهدید، افترا و بی‌اعتبارسازی است که به نام سازمان PKK در بسترهای دیجیتال، عمدتاً در کشورهای اروپایی، در دوره ژانویه-فوریه ۲۰۲۶ انجام شده‌اند.

تمام ارزیابی‌های موجود در این گزارش بر اساس پست‌های رسانه‌های اجتماعی، بیانیه‌های عمومی، محتوای بسترهای دیجیتال و اظهارات قربانیان تهیه شده است.

II. BACKGROUND

در اکتبر ۲۰۲۴، رهبر حزب نژادپرست ترکیه Devlet Bahceli، ابتکار جدیدی به نام «ترکیه بدون ترور» را با Abdullah Ocalan، رهبر سازمان PKK که در دست دولت ترکیه است، آغاز کرد.

در همین راستا، Abdullah Ocalan در ۲۷ فوریه ۲۰۲۵ متنی منتشر کرد و از سازمان PKK خواست سلاح‌ها را زمین بگذارد و در متن اعلام کرد که کردها هیچ خواسته‌ای مانند دولت-ملت جداگانه، فدراسیون، خودمختاری اداری یا راه‌حل‌های فرهنگ‌گرایانه ندارند.

درخواست سازمان PKK برای زمین‌گذاشتن اسلحه از سوی افکار عمومی کرد مورد استقبال قرار گرفت، اما اظهارات مبنی بر اینکه کردها هیچ حقی مطالبه نمی‌کنند واکنش شدیدی را برانگیخت.

Kurdish public opinion expressed that the real aim of the initiative launched by Devlet Bahceli as a Turkish state official was to prevent Kurds from gaining a status in Rojava (Syria), and opposed the statelessness initiative.

As objections to PKK leader Abdullah OCALAN intensified, the Turkish state shut down social media accounts of hundreds of well-known individuals in Kurdish public opinion, and state officials announced that everyone who opposed this initiative would be purged.

On 19 June 2025, PKK member Firat BULUT, living in Germany, speaking in an X Space room, revealed that a list of 102 Kurds who opposed the process between the Turkish state and PKK had been prepared and that these individuals would be attacked by the organization.

This threat spread by Firat BULUT on behalf of the PKK criminal organization drew strong backlash from Kurds, and Kurdish intellectuals whose names and photographs appeared on the list filed criminal complaints in several European countries.

However, as of January 2026, the organization's threats against Kurds entered a different phase.

III. ALLEGATIONS OF DIGITAL TARGETING AND THREATS IN THE JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2026 PERIOD

In January 2026, Kurdish dynamics in Rojava completely succumbed to the pressure of the PKK organization and approximately 13 years of 'de facto' Kurdish autonomy was eliminated. This situation caused great outrage among Kurds.

Thereupon, a new wave of operations was launched from PKK media and social media accounts, and the wave of anti-Kurdish threats that escalated throughout January peaked in February.

1. INSULT AND DEGRADATION CONTENT

An organization member speaking at a PKK demonstration organized in Europe, whose location and date could not be determined, complained about the absence of people at the demonstration and insulted Kurds who did not attend the organization's event by calling them 'dishonorable, shameless' in Kurdish.

In a video circulated by PKK accounts in late January, a PKK member was seen using profane expressions such as 'I curse our people who say Apoists sold us out, those who speak in our language.'

2. STATEMENTS ATTRIBUTED TO Cemil BAYIK

On 8 February 2026, the words of PKK/KCK leader Cemil BAYIK stating 'Attacks carried out on virtual media are directed by the special war center' were shared on multiple PKK media channels.

On 10 February 2026, a PKK operative named Eylem EVREN, who appeared from her profile to live in London, speaking in an X Space room opened by PKK operatives, stated that the attacks against Kurdish intellectuals on digital media were carried out under the organization leader's orders and that these orders must be implemented. Investigations revealed that this individual appeared on the PKK propaganda press outlet Medya TV under the name Roni EYLEM as a journalist.

During the same period, Selman ASLAN, an employee of the PKK propaganda press television channel Sterk TV broadcasting from Belgium, announced the organization's directives against those who criticize the PKK organization on digital media.

3. TARGETING STATEMENTS BY PKK ORGANIZATION POLITICIAN Idris BALUKEN

Idris BALUKEN, who served three terms as a member of parliament in the PKK-affiliated political party BDP/HDP between 2011-2018 and was one of the individuals who met with the criminal organization leader Abdullah OCALAN held in Turkey's Imrali Prison, in a speech at a PKK event believed to have been organized in Luebeck, Germany on 23 January 2026, accused Kurds who expressed their free thoughts by writing tweets of being 'traitors' to the organization and its leader, and targeted them before the PKK organization. The same video speech was shared on 15 February 2026 from the X account of the PKK-affiliated newspaper Ozgur Gundem (@OzgurrGundem). It is known that the PKK organization has killed thousands of Kurds with the accusation of being traitors.

4. PKK PROPAGANDA PRESS AND DIGITAL MEDIA HITMEN

Azad OLMEZ, who lives in Vienna and is understood to be one of the PKK organization's digital media officers, published a video list on 04 February 2026 including many Kurdish writers and intellectuals under the title 'Digital Judenrats (Traitors).' In the 7-minute 21-second video, photographs of dissident Kurds were shown one by one and they were called traitors and enemy collaborators, targeting these individuals.

On 09 February 2026, the PKK digital media account Haber Atolyesi (@HA_TL2) published a new video titled 'Who are these digital village guards?' This visual included photographs of targeted Kurdish intellectuals and some social media users who criticized the PKK. The term 'village guard' in PKK terminology means traitors and enemy collaborators who must be killed. 'Village guards' are a security unit in Turkey composed of Kurds working under the Turkish state. The PKK uses this term for all Kurds it considers enemies.

The video titled 'Who are these digital village guards' was circulated by many PKK digital accounts. One of those who spread this target list was PKK member Idris SAYILGAN, living in Switzerland and presenting himself as a journalist. Idris SAYILGAN, who identifies himself on his X profile as an employee of the PKK propaganda media agencies DIHA and MA, published PKK/KCK leader Cemil BAYIK's photographic directive and the photographic list of targeted Kurds on 08 February 2026. PKK member Idris SAYILGAN also published the photographic list of targeted Kurds on 09 February 2026 under the title 'Kurdish Nationalists as a Turkish MIT Project.'

The video titled 'Who are these digital village guards' was also shared on 10 February 2026 from the Instagram account of the PKK-affiliated association CIVAKA KURD CENEVRE.

On 13 February 2026, a person whose real name is Vahdettin TAYFUN and who uses the alias Amed DICLE on PKK televisions, one of the secret administrators of the PKK criminal organization in Europe, published a video titled 'Who are these Kurdish Nationalists.' In the video, expressions such as 'Those who discredit the fighters' and 'Those who systematically attack the organized struggle of the Kurds' were used for Kurds who criticize the PKK criminal organization.

The illegal administrator of the PKK European organization went further, declaring Kurds in this category as the most dangerous enemy by saying 'This mentality is more dangerous than the open enemy outside.'

Considering that the PKK criminal organization is constantly engaged in armed actions and has killed dozens of Kurdish figures in European countries in previous years, it is clear that these words are not ordinary criticism.

5. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Selim CURUEKKAYA

Regarding the writer Selim CURUEKKAYA, whose photograph appeared in the first position on the photographic list spread by PKK member Azad OLMEZ, a PKK operative living in Greece and using the name Yannis V. YAYLALI (@yannisvyaylali) spread the slander that CURUEKKAYA was working for the German secret service on 17 January 2026.

6. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Ahmet Zeki OKCUOGLU, Medeni DURAN, Masallah ERDOGAN, Roni RIHA AND Suleyman AKKOYUN

It was observed that Kurdish writers Ahmet Zeki OKCUOGLU, Medeni DURAN, Masallah ERDOGAN, Roni RIHA and Suleyman AKKOYYUN living in European countries appeared on the photographic targeting list published by PKK member Azad OLMEZ on 04 February 2026, and threatening and degrading expressions were used against these individuals in the video.

7. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Aydin DERE

Kurdish writer Aydin DERE, living in Switzerland, was threatened in January 2026 by the publication of his daughter's photographs.

Additionally, on 07 February 2026, he was threatened by the organization's operatives in Europe with sharing his daughter's private information.

Aydin DERE's photograph was placed at the front of the photographic targeting list shared by Azad OLMEZ that is referenced in our report.

8. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Ruken TURHALLI

Kurdish female journalist Ruken TURHALLI, living in Germany, was subjected to the slander of being a traitor, working for Turkish intelligence and receiving training from Turkish intelligence through a PKK account named @yeki_wenda on the X platform on 06 February 2026.

9. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Samira KUCUKBILTEKIN

On 31 January 2026, Kurdish female analyst Samira KUCUKBILTEKIN, living in Switzerland, was subjected to the threat and slander that 'Her father was a village guard' and 'All her information will be published soon' by a PKK page using the name Seredina Theze (@Serhadubehndnn).

One of the first to claim responsibility for this crime by the fake PKK page was Firat BULUT, who had announced PKK's 102-person attack list in June 2025. Firat BULUT (@dfirat743) quoted the criminal post and repeated the slander that Samira KUCUKBILTEKIN was the child of a 'Turkish-flag mother' and 'A father who is a protector of the state,' targeting KUCUKBILTEKIN before PKK criminal organization operatives.

The account that made threats and slanders on behalf of the criminal organization against Samira KUCUKBILTEKIN later changed its name and continued the same attacks from several different accounts. The person using this account is assessed to be Kadir KARADENIZ, who lives in Aargau, Switzerland and carries out targeting on digital media on behalf of the PKK, most recently using the CIYA KURD (@yekkurde) account. Kadir KARADENIZ spread threat and slander tweets about Samira KUCUKBILTEKIN from this account and also shared targeting videos like 'Who are these digital village guards.'

On 10 February 2026, Kurdish analyst Samira KUCUKBILTEKIN was threatened and subjected to slanders from multiple PKK troll accounts on X.

On 10 February 2026, Samira KUCUKBILTEKIN shared the PKK threats written to her from her Twitter/X account, and it was observed that the PKK member making threats used the expression 'I can shoot you whenever I want' in the threat messages to KUCUKBILTEKIN.

On 10 February 2026, a person staying in Switzerland who hides his name and location, who previously made threats on behalf of PKK under the fake name Sipan Kartolperest but currently uses the fake name Sipan CIYA, spread slanders against Samira KUCUKBILTEKIN, who was threatened by the criminal organization, claiming she was 'an informant,' 'got her friends arrested' and 'received orders from Turkish intelligence.'

During this period, the person who spread the most organizational slander, insults and threats against Samira KUCUKBILTEKIN under organizational orders was PKK member Islam (Mazlum) ZAN, believed to be living as an asylum seeker in Bielefeld, Germany. It was determined that this person carried out attacks and made threats from dozens of fake accounts. On 04 February 2026, he used insulting expressions against KUCUKBILTEKIN and all Alevis from the @hezhezexzgs account.

10. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Necat ZANYAR

On 19 January 2026, the president of the Lausanne Kurdish Institute, writer Necat ZANYAR, was threatened on Twitter/X by a user named Yasin OZCIL as follows:

'Necat, your turn for execution will come, don't worry. The Terror-Free Turkey process will succeed. Then not the Turkish state, but Kurds will execute you abroad.'

Necat ZANYAR was threatened during the January 2026 period through multiple PKK digital accounts with armed photographs containing expressions such as 'being hanged on a pole, being impaled and being held accountable.'

On 17 February 2026, a PKK operative using the fake name Aryen Mendi (@mamosteAryen), who also had a book published under this name by J&J publications, threatened writer Necat Zanyar by saying 'I hope the greetings of the Kemals reach behind your ears as soon as possible.' With this expression, the PKK operative referenced the phrase 'Greetings from Laz Kemal' used by the PKK hitman who killed Esat Oktay Yildiran on 22 October 1988, openly making an assassination call against a Kurdish writer and committing a crime. The same person, on the same day, wrote 'Isn't there anyone in the cities where they live who would greet them with the spirit of the 90s' under the X Space room titled 'MIT'S DIGITAL LEGS' opened by PKK operatives for threats and targeting, openly inciting murder.

On 19 June 2025, PKK member Firat Bulut (@dfirat436), who had announced the PKK criminal organization's 102-person attack list, wrote the following threat against writer Necat Zanyar on behalf of PKK on 17 February 2026:

'When we catch him, we will spit in his face and put 5 Euros in his mouth.'

PKK operative Firat Bulut with this expression openly referenced Kurds who were killed by PKK in the 1990s and had money stuffed in their mouths and were hung on electricity poles, openly committing a crime by saying that a Kurdish writer would be killed when caught on behalf of the terrorist organization.

Additionally, Necat ZANYAR's photograph was placed at the front of the photographic targeting list shared by Azad OLMEZ that is referenced in our report.

11. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Ibrahim Halil BARAN

It was observed that one of the individuals who suffered the most attacks from PKK criminal organization supporters in January and February 2026 was PAKURD founder, Kurdish writer Ibrahim Halil BARAN.

Ibrahim Halil BARAN was threatened from dozens of troll accounts. In this regard, on 11 February 2026, Ibrahim Halil BARAN was targeted with slanders such as 'theft' from a fake account that was among the leading hitman accounts of PKK media center Sterk TV.

On 17 February 2026, PKK members Kadir Karadeniz and Sipan Ciya, who are asylum seekers in Switzerland, opened an X Space room titled 'MIT'S DIGITAL LEGS COME HERE TRAITOR IBRAHIM HALIL BARAN,' and in this room where PKK media outlet Sterk TV employee Selman Aslan also participated, Ibrahim Halil Baran was subjected to hours of slander, insults and threats.

Ibrahim Halil BARAN's photograph was placed at the front of the photographic targeting list shared by Azad OLMEZ that is referenced in our report.

12. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Nizamettin ARIC

Famous Kurdish musician and painter Nizamettin ARIC, who has been targeted by the organization due to his criticisms of the PKK organization for several years and has received hundreds of threats, wrote the following to the Kurdish Rights Watch Center (EKRW) on 08 February 2026:

'According to information I have obtained, the slander, insults, profanity and threats directed at me are being organized by an establishment called Medyaya Dijital a Awistirya - Austria Digital Media Office. At the head of this establishment, which belongs to the PKK in Europe, is Selahattin Canavar, who also communicates under the aliases Soro or Roni. Additionally, according to information I have obtained, it is said that Amed DICLE, Ikram BALEKANI and Sefkan KOBANE also fulfill the same functions. I condemn in the strongest terms these organized attacks against the intellectuals of my country who represent the Kurdish perspective and Kurdistani patriotism, who are peaceful and freely express their views.'

In investigations conducted in this context, on 09 February 2026, a PKK operative named Bahoz Ferhat, who was understood to live in Switzerland and be registered in Batman province based on profile information, made slanders and threats stating that artist Nizamettin ARIC was under the criminal organization's surveillance.

13. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Azad PENABER

Kurdish poet and activist Azad PENABER, who appears on the PKK target list, made the following announcement from his X account on 11 February 2026:

'I have filed a criminal complaint with the Fribourg prosecutor's office regarding individuals and their connections from within and outside Switzerland who have been targeting me with political slanders for days.'

Investigations revealed that from the X account belonging to the criminal organization using the fake name Seredina Theze (@antidijikorucu), on 11 February 2026, Azad PENABER's photograph was shared together with another photograph and shameful and degrading slanders were made against Azad PENABER, a forged document was prepared, and in this document Azad PENABER's identity information, address and telephone were written, targeting him before the criminal organization.

Additionally, it was observed that Azad PENABER's photograph appeared in the photographic threat list circulated by Azad OLMEZ referenced in our report, and numerous slanderous posts were made about Azad PENABER.

14. TARGETING THE EUROPEAN KURDISH RIGHTS WATCH (EKRW)

PKK operative Gurkan ISTEKLI, who uses the fake name Jose Martii on Twitter/X, whose profile photo contains a photograph of a banned Kalashnikov weapon, who lives in Bern, Switzerland and is known as the person behind many of the PKK organization's troll accounts on social media, targeted EKRW, a Kurdish human rights organization, before the PKK criminal organization by making MIT slander on 10 February 2026.

15. KURDISH YOUTH THREATENED IN GERMANY

A Kurdish youth speaking in a video recording that appeared in the media on 13 February 2026 said that he lived in Germany and France and was threatened for criticizing PKK criminal organization leader A. Ocalan for gifting a carpet to Turkish racist party leader Bahceli and the PKK organization for selling Rojava.

16. ALLEGATIONS OF THREATS AND DEFAMATION AGAINST Murat ULGEN

It was observed that the main account used for PKK attacks during the January-February 2026 period was the account named Seredina Theze (@korucularsuspus). On 15 February 2026, through this account, a video of Kurdish activist Murat ULGEN living in Germany was created using artificial intelligence, and shameful and degrading slanders were made.

IV. LEGAL ASSESSMENT

Considering all this, it is understood that the Kurdish intellectual world is facing a great threat. Organized slander and threats spreading through social media cause Kurdish individuals to live in fear, leading many to withdraw into their shells and fall into silence.

The fact that the majority of PKK accounts spreading threats and slanders are in European countries shows that the freedom environment in Europe is being exploited by terrorist organizations and turned into a haven for committing crimes.

In accordance with the data above,

  • Explicit threat (criminal threat)
  • Incitement to violence
  • Defamation
  • Unlawful dissemination of personal data
  • Organized targeting
  • Digital harassment and intimidation
  • Conducting activities on behalf of a foreign terrorist organization

There is a situation that requires the opening of investigations under many such crimes.

Within the framework of ECHR Article 2 (right to life), Article 8 (protection of private life) and Article 10 (freedom of expression), the positive obligation of states is to protect individuals under threat.

V. CONCLUSION

During the January-February 2026 period, there are serious allegations that systematic targeting and threat-containing posts by individuals and structures affiliated with the PKK organization intensified in the digital environment.

This situation:

  • Creates a deterrent effect in the field of Kurdish thought and freedom of expression,
  • Leads hundreds of Kurdish individuals to live in fear due to security concerns,
  • Results in individuals falling silent,
  • Creates the risk of abuse of the democratic space in Europe.

As European Kurdish Rights Watch;

  • We call on all judicial, administrative, legal and political institutions in European countries to show sensitivity to the issue,
  • We call on prosecution offices in European countries to initiate ex officio investigations,
  • To remove threat and targeting content on digital platforms,
  • To provide protection mechanisms for individuals under threat

we call upon. As the European Kurdish Rights Watch (EKRW), all crimes and threats against Kurds will be reported by us and submitted to the relevant institutions.